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THE PAST AND THE PRESENT OF CAUCASIANS SHIHERD (DOG) IN AZERBAIJANIlgam Gasimzadeh " Each people, any country is proud not only outstanding people, but also those riches, which them were given by a nature, and that they have created ". The Arabian horses have glorified the Arabian world still, how Europe has learned about their culture. The Turkmen and Ahaltekins horses knew in many parts of the world earlier, than have got acquainted with culture of Turkmenistan. In East at first have got acquainted with English runners, and then already with England. From the oldest times a costly present expressing the special respect among the governors and nobles was the horses and dogs personifying a fidelity and power. Gave the friends devoted up to the end. Of Azerbaijan has the right to be proud local of breed of dogs including in the date directories former USSR under the name the Azerbaijan steppe Caucasian sheep-dog. This breed numbering more of three thousand of years, presumably conducts an origin from Tibetans dogs, which is an ancestor to similar our sheep-dog, Mongolian, Kirghiz (nowadays already missed), Central Asian. Under other version, the Caucasian sheep-dog conducts the origin from Assyrians battle dog which is taking place on a service in army. Scientists specializing on the Asian breeds of dogs support the given version. And it is visible from evolution of Tibetans dogs. Mixing up with local dogs in territories ancient Assyria and Iran, the formation of local dogs, was distributed and exists till the present time on Caucasus. And as Azerbaijan, as well as other republics of Transcaucasia, are geographically closer to Iran and ancient Assyria, the version about an origin of the Caucasian sheep-dog from Assyrians battle dogs seems to more plausible. Originally these dogs, having got with armies of Alexander Great in Greece, have received the name Molos. Having distributed on all Europe, they began to refer to as moloss dogs, and on the British islands - Mastiff. Ancient Assyrians battle dog has received in Europe the widest application - from a service in army up to dogs of gladiators. Later, during a gain of the south of Europe the Arabs, here delivered already finally generated Caucasian sheep-dog. The given assumptions are quite obvious and prove to be true by known dog-breeders; mr. A. Masover, experts from St.-Petersburg, long time engaged by cultivation of the Caucasian sheep-dog in nurseries, authors of the book " Domestic breeds of service dogs of the Asian origin " B. Kalinin, T. Ivanov, L. Morozov, author of the book " a Dog: obvious and Improbable " B. Gitin. " The Caucasian sheep-dog, old domestic breed serving to the peoples of Transcaucasia, Near East still then, when many states of Europe were not exists ", - so other known writer would write about the Caucasian sheep-dog, B.Ryabinin, judge of an all-Union category. Almost all mastiffs dogs deduced in Europe mastino-neapalitano, English and Spanish mastiff, bordos mastiff, Rottweiler, large pyrenees a dog, Portuguese shepherd's dogs, Slovak cuvach and many others are descendant of the Caucasian sheep-dog. A dog of the Canary islands, Northern and Southern America - staff and pit- bull terrier, argentine mastiff and fila-brazilero as it is possible to rank to descendant, as at deducing these breeds in a basis the set forth above breeds of Europe were incorporated. By the historical centre of the Caucasian sheep-dog or, as it name in the people, " goyun-iti " (sheep-dog a dog), "choban-iti " (shepherd's dog) or wolfhound in its pure kind are the republics of Transcaucasia: Azerbaijan, Georgia and Dagestan. Further it natural habitant is distributed to north of Caucasus, Krasnodar krai and etc. The working qualities of the Caucasian sheep-dogs long since attracted attention of the inhabitants of other regions of former imperial Russia, however its her intensive export in other regions is necessary for years of the Soviet authority. This dog carried out the widest functions, adapting to any climatic conditions, and where it would not occur, at once won sympathies not only dogs-fanciers, but to it showed the most steadfast interest various departments, both civil, and militaries organization. In territory of former RSFSR and present Russia the State breeding nurseries of the Caucasian sheep-dog were created and best of them were in Moscow and St.-Petersburg. That basic of the dogs which have been taken out in various regions and republic USSR, was from Georgia, where in 1950-60 years the State breeding nursery of the Caucasian sheep-dog worked, and also because for all history in Georgia the All-Union exhibitions of breed were twice carried out, the best type of dogs of this breed Georgian is considered, that. The given statement probably has found the confirmation also because on spent in 1971 in Budapest to the World exhibition of dogs Caucasian sheep-dogs, submitted from USSR won maximum estimations, and two of them a rank " the Winner of Hungary " were from Moscow, that is a mountain type Georgian. In 1933 Stalin has signed the decree " About development domestic dog-breeding " and the accident began. Dogs of hundreds took out from territory of our country, frontier areas of Georgia and Dagestan. In 1941 with the beginning of Great Patriotic War under the order of Stalin all pedigree of animals have announced by national property and evacuated. Best of the dogs which have been taken out from Azerbaijan in further was used for creation of new Soviet breed - Moscow sentry. There are two basic such as the Caucasian sheep-dog: mountain and steppe. In Azerbaijan have five types of the Caucasian sheep-dog and our national selectors: herdsman and the fans of fights never mix these types. The mountain type a dog long-haired , which basically is ranked as the Georgian type, lives in Kazakh, Zakatal-Sheki zone, Belokan, Kax, Ismaillinskyi areas (there is wide areas, an absolute identity). The same mountain breed, with the individual features is in Kalbadzhar, Gadabey areas, Karabach zone, Lachin, Kubatli areas) Quite good dogs is present and in the Nakhichevan autonomous republic. The steppe type of dogs shorthaired, under all directories has the name a dog of Azerbaijan and on Caucasus do not meet anywhere more. It is dogs of a strong and rough - strong type of the constitution, frequently coldish color, compact constitution, with large bears heads, blunt shot snouts, having deep black masks, is excellent developed cheekbones. Live basically in Shemakxa area. Sometimes among them meet more longhaired dogs, but without obviously expressed manes. Besides in republic live and the dogs having complete similarity to dogs of Dagestan, so-called intermediate types are considered as one of the basic kinds in Apsheron, Divichi-Hachmaz zone, Cuban, Xizi, Gusar areas. In separate areas of republic there are versions of dogs, which by centuries got divorced in these zones and have the individual features. It is especially possible to note high-mountainous village Hanalig of the Cuban area, where till now flocks are protected from the wolves thanking only to dogs. In this zone a dog large, tall animals of a strong and strong - rough type of the constitution, is short or middle-haired, with massive skeleton, relief muscular system, large heads. Among them it is a lot of white, striped in different variations, spotty dogs. Not applying on it is necessary to recognize a rank of the founders of the given breed, nevertheless, that in Transcaucasia in animal industries in general, and îâöåâîäñòâîì in particular, Azerbaijanians of centuries were engaged of cattle-breeding, and consequently, dog-breeding. It finds the confirmation even in such facts, that the best Caucasian sheep-dog USSR 30 years had a nickname "Topush" " and its owner called Ibrahim. " Topush " differed unique physique and for the life has destroyed more than 100 wolves. Another dog from Georgia had a nickname " Dzhamal ". It is possible to result some more examples from the directory A.Mazover: Murad, Abu, Allash, Kevshar, Diamond (dogs living and which have left excellent posterity in 30, 50 and beginning 60 of years), and taken out at 1970-80 in the Leningrad nursery the Caucasian sheep-dogs had nicknames: Fatima, Sultan, Zarif, Safar, etc . Still recently Caucasian sheep-dog were numerous in our republic. The dog used deserved love of the Azerbaijan people. It grazed herds, guarded the enterprises and habitation. All cases, when the dog rescued the owners, children, habitation - to not list; in republic the dog fights were carried out also which revealed the best dog of this or that zone, area, cities. The fights were carried out by strict rules and those bloody pictures, about which sometimes write the separate journalists - laymans the places had no. With regret it is necessary to recognize, that now steppe type of the Caucasian sheep-dog in Azerbaijan is on the verge of disappearance. Have left life old herdsman, which religiously, traditional methods order breeding work. From middle 60 years state farms and the collective farms liquidated fodder base of dogs that is have forbidden to feed dogs, as it was always accepted, meat of animals from flock, beginning to be reduced animal industries. Began to be distributed easier foreign breeds, and frequently and simply watch dog, beaten to herd. Absence of the control on the part of services on duly vaccination has resulted in the large case of dogs in early age that has had an effect on the subsequent reproduction. The most significant impact was put by war in Karabach. The local chiefs perfectly have missed from a kind of dogs, and also karabachs houses, therefore significant quantity were lost, and stayed ownerless, the life, conducting a vagrant image, have taken out in Armenia. Same has taken place in Lachin, Kubatli, Fizuli, Dzhebrail, etc. areas, were occupied by the Armenians. Result it became significant reduction and without that insignificant quantity of dogs. But the most important danger consists that since 1994 the Armenians have begun active propagation ancient " sheep-dog of arsak ", thus in the markets of Russia of some dogs present as " dogs of Mikayan " In November, 1995 in the program "World" on the Russian TV (0RT) two Caucasian sheep-dogs, just those versions, inhabited on occupied territories of Azerbaijan, and taken out in Armenia were demonstrated. The comment of the expert from this republic began and was finished by words, that it - " most ancient Armenian breed, which respects of the old men and children ", deduced by them. In connection with set forth above it is necessary to recognize, that a situation of dogs at us uneasy. Practically on the verge of disappearance a steppe kind of the Caucasian sheep-dog. The laborious work is necessary for restoration it on the part of all fans of this perfect domestic breed. For correction of this situation there is a work above creation in Azerbaijan of a society of protection and specialized nurseries on restoration and breeding cultivation of the Azerbaijan steppe Caucasian sheep-dog. In summary I want to note, that despite of difficulties recently in Azerbaijan, the interest and love to local breed of the Caucasian sheep-dog considerably has grown. Due to propagation of the fanatical fans of this breed, such as chief of Azerbaijan Kennel Club mr. Aziz Topchiev , assistant of the chief mr. Namik Azizov, Eshgin Usubov etc. people began to concern to dogs as to the national riches. The general growth of dogs has increased, now frequently meet dogs under 80 cm in withers at a wide volumetric breast, massive beautiful head and excellent movements. In 2002 in Azerbaijan for the first time Kennel Club carried out international exhibition with assistance of the International Bank of Azerbaijan. In separate ring participated aboriginal wolfhounds, which have received high estimations (judge U.V. Ovos). For today the breeding work is conducted by the fans of the given breed. On best glorified wolfhounds the breeding lines (on Bek, Motug, Laki, Shirhan, Basar, Argun) are incorporated. Ilgam Gasimzadeh
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